Saturday 18 September 2010

Noun Declensions

Kareyku has a number of declensions for the noun (and some even more verbs). It is interesting to note that while there are 2 cases which could be identified with the dative, there is no accusative. This has lead many specialists to believe that Kareyku cases are only post-positional. But the classical nomenclature prevails.


Case
Suffix
Example
Translation
allative
-lto
pokolto
towards the house
benefactive
-kume
pokokume
for the house's sake
translative
-bara
pokobara
through the house
locative
-lyo
pokolyo
at the house
comitative
-ni, -i
ikani, odani
with me, with you
abessive
-wan
pokowan
without the house
causative
-beki
pokobeki
because of the house
ablative
-wo/-mo
pokowo
from the house
genitive
-na
pokona
the house's
instrumental
-qa
pokoqa
by means of the house
dative
-ran
yaran, daran
for me, for you



The first dative is mostly an allative actually and indicates direction, so for instance 'komalto mari!' 'come here!' or simply 'komalto!' can be used as an order. While the other would be used as 'I have a flower for you' or what is the same 'for your benefit' or any other circumstance in which you would use a dative, in fact, it's mainly used with animate nouns. The first mostly used in the sense of direction, as in a letter sent to, but the latter as in it was given to.

Then you have the use of the comitative vs. abessive, ikan odani 'you and I' vs. pokowan ikan han 'without my house I'm nothing'. But this is not intruding with the instrumental sense of 'with' which would require the instrumental proper.

The causative can be used with nouns and with verbs. For example ikanu lanibeki tanatas because my heart tells me so, and in the verb it is the causative mood, qappakanbekis I fed him.